Eighty four-year-old and 80 seven-year-old subjects were given a standard paired-associate learning (PAL) task and a battery of ability tasks (Labeling, Recognition, Labeling Time, Digit Span, Visual Memory, Spatial Relations, Vocabulary, and the Follow the Instructions test) to investigate the development of individual differences in visual…

Forty-eight pairs of children between the ages of 4 and 8 were the subjects of this study of the development of referential communication skills and the use of technology to structure interactions between people. A communication game device was used to present children with sets of four referents on separate screens. The referents were either…

The purpose of this study was to isolate some independent variables that may be directly related to beginning reading ability. The study was conducted in two phases: the piloting and revision of four perceptual tests involving the ability to manipulate sequential stimuli within or between the visual and auditory modalities; and the administration…

This research was designed to determine whether the type of questions asked and the stimuli about which the questions were asked would have any measurable effect on the thought processes of second and fourth graders. Stimuli included a picture consisting of three illustrations, a listening stimulus composed of a story that was read to each…

A review of the literature on the spatial functioning of the blind, the results of a questionnaire of 75 sighted college students and their parents, and results of a study of 87 blind and seeing adults' performance on three spatial tasks are presented. The review suggested that adventitiously blind individuals perform better than congenitally…

This study investigated whether grade six students' self-esteem could be affected by the presentation of a selected stimulus below the threshold of conscious awareness via the medium of a specially prepared paper. It also investigated whether any statistically significant differences existed between the effects on self-esteem of a selected…

Random polygons were used as stimuli in a two-choice multiple discrimination learning paradigm designed to test individual learning ability. A nonverbal test was developed in order to avoid the cultural and racial bias which, according to the author, is inherent in verbal tests. Information processing rate (IPR) was used as the measure of learning…