Sexual offenses have a serious impact on individuals and society at large. Most victims know the offender; few victims report the offense; not all reports result in arrests; not all arrests result in conviction; and not all convictions result in incarceration. This paper reviews the literature related to psychotherapeutic treatment of male sex offenders and examines recent research related to the essential components of successful, nonpsychopharmacological treatment utilizing the Relapse Prevention (RP) model of therapy. It begins with a discussion of the classification of male sex offenders. This is followed by a discussion on the history of treatment for sex offenders. The importance of assessment is explained in terms of the need for individualized treatment plans, in order to prioritize those waiting for treatment, and to screen those offenders who have a comorbid Axis I diagnosis. The review concludes that effective treatment requires a comprehensive approach. It explains how the RP approach differs from all other therapies and that its compassionate confrontational approach relies on motivational interviewing, group peer pressure, and effective supervision to increase the probability of success for the offender upon his return to the community. Several studies are reviewed that suggest treatment can reduce sexual recidivism. (Contains 51 references.) (JDM)