Today's society, in large part, has granted public acknowledgment of the practice of homosexuality as an "alternative lifestyle" and as a valid expression of sexuality and self. However, there are men and women who, having engaged in an active homosexual lifestyle for varying lengths of time, feel regretful about their homosexuality and want to alter their orientation. The study of homosexuality has engendered considerable dialogue and controversy about its etiology, with recent studies attempting to determine factors that might indicate a genetic and/or hormonal basis. The results have provided evidence to suggest that some individuals are biologically predisposed to experience feelings or exhibit behaviors consistent with a homosexual orientation. Developmental, familial, and societal factors appear to contribute to the emergence of homosexuality as well, although theorists and researchers have yet to supply conclusive data to indicate which of these factors, and to what degree, influence the formation of one's sexual identity. No research data have been found to support etiological differences between male and female homosexuality, although theories suggest that disruption of the relationship with the same-sex parent may have occurred. The most effective treatment for those wishing to change their orientation appears to utilize both group and individual therapies, although some recurrence of homosexual feelings and behaviors seems likely. Further study is required to determine factors affecting maintenance of change and continued progress following treatment. (LLL)