This document investigates both immediate and long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse in order to help counselors identify victims and survivors. It is based on a search of the literature on child sexual abuse in the ALICE system in the Alden Library at Ohio University, and the Psychological Literature and Social Sciences Index. Key words used in the searches are identified: child abuse, sexual abuse-children, incest, and sexual abuse-effects. Chapter 1 introduces the topic of the effects of child sexual abuse on victims as both children and adults, providing background information on the prevalence of abuse and the importance to counselors of recognizing its effects. Chapter 2 reviews the literature under the following subheadings: (1) Incidence of Child Sexual Abuse; (2) Immediate Effects of Sexual Abuse on Children; (3) Differences between Male and Female Victims; (4) Effects of Sexual Abuse on Adolescents; and (5) Long-Term Effects observed in Adult Clinical Populations. In Chapter 3 the purpose of the study and the research questions are summarized, and the literature is discussed as to its relevance to the topic, observations, implications, and limitations. In the conclusion, the research questions are answered based upon the literature review, and recommendations for further research are provided, along with suggestions for applying findings to clinical practice. (TE)