Research has compared employed and non-employed women in the areas of depression, reported psychological problems, alienation, role conflict, marital problems, life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and anxiety. A review of this research generally revealed no differences between employed and non-employed women. Those studies which reported differences tended to show that employed women experienced less psychological stress than did non-employed women. The prediction that employment would be disabilitating was not substantiated by the research reviewed. While there were no main effects, congruence emerged as a key factor which moderated stress. Personal desire, societal norms, and husband's preference about a woman's employment status have been studied to determine if they combined with actual employment status to affect stress. Although the research is relatively limited, it appears that a conflict in one of these areas may produce higher levels of psychological stress. The research studies reviewed differed from one another in several ways: types of groups of women studied; definition of employment status; measures used; variety of dependent variables; and underlying assumptions. The entire area of investigation would be more cohesive and definitive if replication studies were performed on some of the more significant research. (Author/NB)