In order to develop a prevention-oriented, communication-skill training program for couples, this study used a social-learning paradigm to increase positive messages, to decrease negative messages, and to enhance problem-solving abilities. The small group provided the context for training. Communication effectiveness and marital satisfaction were assessed prior to training, a week following training, and six to seven weeks following training. Results of self-report measures of communication and problem-solving skills suggested that couples trained in this program showed significant increases in their evaluation of communication effectiveness and satisfaction with their relationships. Substantial gains in the frequency of positive messages and problem-solving statements were evidenced by behavioral measures. Follow-up evaluations indicated that most changes were maintained. In addition, results suggested that the training program might be beneficial to couples from different educational and social-class backgrounds and that it might be adaptable to other populations and settings. (Author/KS)