The effect of industrialization on Anglo and Spanish surname populations in 16 Southwestern Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's) was examined by (1) classifying cities on the basis of industrialization as the salient feature of urban metropolitan areas, (2) measuring the socioeconomic characteristics of corresponding populations, and (3) showing the relationship between industrialization and differences in socioeconomic levels of the 2 groups. Utilizing 4 components of industrialization (industrial diversification, organization efficiency, organizational size, and urbanization), data were obtained from selected 1960 census publications. Data analysis consisted of: presentation of the dissimilarity values index for each SMSA, computation of correlation coefficients to measure the relationship between each of the basic socioeconomic categories, exposition of socioeconomic dissimilarities under the influence of each industrialization indicator, and computation of correlation coefficients to measure the relationship between each variable. Some findings were: a marked discrepancy existed between the socioeconomic characteristics of Anglo and Spanish surname males; and the inverse relationship between industrialization and the relative degree of socioeconomic dissimilarity between Anglo and Spanish surname males were consistent for all variables. (NQ)