In recent years, teachers have noticed a drop in student effort on complex problems in math and science. The purpose of this study was to determine if incorporating cooperative learning and self-recording strategies had an impact upon student effort on complex problems. A total of 38 9th through 11th grade math and science students at two…

Subjects selected from all the ninth grade intact science classes of a suburban junior high school were assigned to either a control group or one of four intensive instruction groups. The procedures for each instructional group included both watching a discrepant event until six acceptable hypotheses were written and individual discussion during…