This action research project focused on causes for reading deficiencies of the targeted eighth grade students and how those deficiencies affect students' achievement in language arts, science, and mathematics. The targeted population consisted of 30 eighth grade students in a middle-class community located in a suburban area of a large Midwestern…

Instruction in one eighth-grade history teacher's classes varied between use and nonuse of vocabulary recognition materials for difficult words to study the possible effect of such materials on test scores. The vocabulary recognition materials were used to augment four chapters of the history textbook that the students studied, while four chapters…