This report itemizes the costs and consequences of sedentary living, providing cost reasons to fight a war on sedentary lifestyles. It begins by explaining that 70 percent of U.S. adults are sedentary (undertaking no leisure time physical activity or less than 30 minutes of physical activity per day), and it notes how sedentary living increases the risk of many chronic conditions. Next, it defines chronic disease and presents data on all chronic health conditions combined and on several specific chronic health conditions (coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, obesity-related disorders, and the aging population). It goes on to examine the costs of sedentary living, including mortality costs and economic costs for all chronic health conditions and for sedentary disorders. After asserting that the war on chronic health conditions is not being won, it explains the need to be proactive rather than reactive and to promote primary prevention. Finally, it discusses weapons to combat sedentary induced disease (e.g., focusing on cost benefits, promoting advocacy and activism among professionals associated with physical activity in their occupations, and disseminating information to the general public). (Contains 37 references.) (SM)