This report examines critical educational issues and takes a look at mathematics achievement and attainment in America in grades K-12 and higher education. Part One explores the extent to which students are provided with the opportunity to learn mathematics. Part Two focuses on the mathematics curriculum in American schools, what needs to be improved, and inequalities in college prep math enrollments. Part Three examines the distribution of math teachers. This section features analyses of new data from the National Schools and Staffing Survey (NSSS) and shows that there is still a great deal of work to do ensure that all students are taught by fully qualified math teachers. (Contains 48 references.) (KHR)