Noting that there are special considerations to take into account when creating appropriate and effective programs for young children, this issue of Progress of Education Reform focuses on early childhood care and education. The report is intended for use by policymakers who are considering implementing and/or reforming early care and education practices in their states. Four questions are discussed in the report: (1) whether young children do better when their early childhood curriculum is aligned with curriculum in the early primary grades; (2) when children should start school; (3) whether children who are assessed regularly fare better than children who are not; and (4) whether young children fare better with teachers having bachelor-degree-level education than with teachers having less education. Each question/issue is presented with relevant research findings, implications for policy, and references. (Contains 19 references.) (KB)