Data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) 1997 Arts Assessment in Music, which covered eighth-grade students only, regardless of whether they had received instruction in music, show that student involvement in a variety of musical activities (playing an instrument in particular) is positively related to student music achievement. Students were assessed on creating, performing, and responding. The assessment found a positive relationship between students responding to music and students "doing" music (creating and performing). Includes 4 tables and web addresses for further information. (LB)