The journal IDEAL is intended as a forum for research into the acquisiton and teaching of English as a Second Language. Volume 4 contains the following articles: "Pragmatics and Reading in a Second Language" (Patricia L. Carrell); "English Across Cultures: Native English Speaker in the Third World" (P.B. Nayar); "Pragmatic Analysis in the Second Language Classroom" (Jeff Connor-Linton); "An Analysis of the Rhetorical Structures of English and Japanese Editorials" (Thomas Ricento); "A Comparison of Narrative Structures of English-Speaking and Spanish Speaking Students" (Delma McLeod Porter); "Identifying Referents in Narrative Discourse: A Comparison of the Acquisition of Pronominal and Zero Anaphora by Native and Non-Native Speakers of English" (Erica McClure); "A Discourse Analysis of Relative Clauses in Chinese and English: An Error in 'An Error in Error Analysis'" (Lawrence F. Bouton); "Yes/No Questions in ESL Textbooks and Classrooms" (Jessica Williams); and "Oh Darn! I'd Love to Come, but I Already Have Plans: Television Invitations as Conversation Models" (Ann Salzmann). Volume 5 contains the following articles: "Video-Based Materials for Communicative ITA (International Teaching Assistant) Training" (Elizabeth Axelson and Carolyn Madden); "The Aural Perception of Fast-Speech Phenomena" (Inn-Chull Choi); "Learning Styles of Mainland Chinese Students of English" (Carolyn Dirksen); "English <S>: Cracking a Symbol-Sound Code" (Wayne B. Dickerson); "Theoretical Linguistics and Applied Linguistics Research: Perspectives on Their Relationship to Language Pedagogy" (Molly Mack); and "A Multimodal Paradigm for TESL: Implications for the Classroom and Beyond" (Frances K. Vavrus). Volume 6 contains the following articles: "Request-Compliance/Non-Compliance in English and Italian Public Service Encounters" (Anna Ciliberti); "A Sensitive Period for Second Language Acquisition: A Reaction-Time Grammaticality Judgement Task with Korean-English Bilinguals" (Ryonhee Kim); "Multilingualism and Social Identity: The Case of Singapore" (Knonko M. Kamwangamalu); "Sensitive Periods for Second Language Acquisition: A Reaction-Time Study of Korean-English Bilinguals" (Rosa Jinyong Shim); "An Analysis of Televised Telephone Conversations" (Nina Skokut); and "The Pragmatics of 'No!': Some Strategies in English and Arabic" (Paul B. Stevens). (LB)