The documented incidence of sexual abuse of boys is reported. Though prevalence rates varied from different sources, all sources agreed that reported cases reflect only a fraction of the actual prevalence. The paper also discusses characteristics of the abusers, risk factors of victims, the effects of abuse, and the coping styles of the young male victims. A section on assessment discusses what to assess and how to assess. Treatment methods described include group, individual, and family therapy. Treatment tasks focus on ensuring safety for the child victim, encouraging the boy to talk candidly about what occurred, and getting in touch with feelings. Ways of assessing and treating sexualized acting out in abuse-reactive children are also explored. Annotations of 12 publications are provided, as well as a 78-item reference list for professionals. (JDD)