The booklet discusses the aerobic fitness capacities of severely/profoundly retarded students and discusses approaches for improving their fitness. An initial section describes a method for determining the student's present fitness level on the basis of computations of height, weight, blood pressure, resting pulse, and Barach Index and Crampton Blood Ptosis tests (measures of energy expended by the heart). Additional screening devices and their modifications are covered. Planning considerations are noted in terms of length and intensity of exercise. The remainder of the book presents activity ideas for improving cardiorespiratory endurance and tolerance to exercises. Suggestions are offered for walking, running for distance (including ideas for interval training), roller skating, obstacle course work, bike riding, air flow mat (a safe form of trampoline), relays, and aerobic activities for the nonambulatory. (CL)