These papers make suggestions for further exploration into the problems of sex and gender research. Edmund Gordon presents a historical perspective on the sociopolitical implications of sex and gender and discusses attitudinal variables which affect the classification of women. Ann Lieberman describes the history of women in the work force, their problems and breakthroughs, and their prospects for the future. Robert Brannon compares the stereotyped roles which men have played in the past with their portrayals in the media today. He shows that today's male is facing difficulties as a result of the changing role of women. Maxine Greene discusses the role of women in literature and suggests that literature can provide a resource for women to remake and transcend the traditional conditioning of their roles. Maria New addresses the problem of ambiguous sex in the newborn, presenting biological antecedents, the diagnostic procedures, and the appropriate medical intervention. Elizabeth Hagen points out various reasons for inconsistencies in several areas of sex-difference research. Patrick Lee reviews some of the major theories of sex-role differentiation and mentions factors which should be taken into consideration in the development of a new theory of sex-role socialization. (Author/EB)