This dissertation summary discusses a study to investigate the elementary school teacher role and its concomitant expectations as perceived by principals and teachers. Teachers were surveyed as to how they perceived their own roles and what they thought principals perceived the roles of teachers to be. Principals in those same schools were…

This bulletin reviews recent fertility-related trends in the nine Eastern European socialist countries where official policy is explicitly pronatalist to varying degrees in all but Yugoslavia. That fertility was generally higher here than in Western Europe in the mid-1970s is credited to pronatalist measures undertaken when fertility fell below…