The present report is a product of two ENQA (European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education) seminars, held in 2007, on current trends in European Quality Assurance. The first seminar, hosted by the Bulgarian National Evaluation and Accreditation Agency (NEAA), examined the situation in South-Eastern Europe. The second seminar focused on the situation in Southern Europe. It was hosted by the Holy See and organised in collaboration with the Congregation for Catholic Education, the Agency for the Evaluation and Promotion of Quality in Ecclesiastical Faculties (AVEPRO) and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. The articles presented in this report, based on the two regional ENQA seminars, introduce the divergent but also converging national experiences and trends in quality assurance in Southern and South-Eastern Europe. Articles included in this report are: (1) Quality assurance in Austrian Higher Education--features and challenges (Alexander Kohler); (2) ESG and the current QA trends in Spain: more than just a change (Gemma Rauret Dalmau and Cecilia de la Rosa Gonzalez); (3) The Bologna Process in the Holy See: origins and implementation (Franco Imoda); (4) National experiences and future challenges: Albania (Dhurata Bozo); (5) Quality assurance in Romanian higher education (R.M. Damian); (6) The Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG) and quality assurance (QA) in the South-Eastern Europe (SEE) region--Opportunities and Challenges: the Situation in Bulgaria (Todor Shopov); and (7) Quality Assurance in Greek Higher Education Institutions: Introduction and Challenges (Vassilios J. Papazoglou). ENQA seminar hosted by NEAA and ENQA seminar are annexed. Individual articles contain references. (Contains 28 footnotes, 1 figure, and 1 chart.)