Thirteen participants from 11 countries, including experts in public health, health education, social sciences, epidemiology, planning, policy-making, and program management, took part in a consultation on the monitoring and evaluation of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) education and health promotion programs in Copenhagen. A representative of the Commission of the European Communities, and officers of the World Health Organization Regional and Global Programs on AIDS also attended. The purpose of the Consultation was to examine the practical relationship between monitoring and evaluation studies and decisions concerning the development and implementation of health education and health promotion programs for AIDS prevention. Reviews of educational programs directed at the general public point to certain conclusions: (1) the overwhelming majority of adults in Europe have become aware of the basic facts of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission and how they can protect themselves; (2) significant proportions of the population continue to have misconceptions about the risks of casual transmission; (3) attitudes toward people with AIDS reflect mixed sentiments; (4) public education campaigns have motivated many individuals to seek more information and advice, or to ask for HIV-antibody testing; (5) many of the national public education campaigns have helped to stimulate wider public debate on AIDS issues; and (6) the evidence of behavioral change in the general population is weak. Obstacles and technical aspects to monitoring and evaluation, and recommendations are included. (LLL)