Selected papers presented at the Second Annual Mastery Learning Conference are summarized in this proceedings. First, Oscar Shabat stresses the roles of general education and basic skills instruction in the community college and introduces mastery learning and the conference. Next, Rocco Caponigri reviews the theoretical background of mastery learning and the history of its application at the City Colleges of Chicago. After Thomas Guskey examines the past and future directions of mastery learning, Bruce McDonald describes the evolution of mastery learning in vocational education, especially with regard to its antecedents in military training. Next, Herb Rosing discusses audio-tutorial instruction and its relationship to mastery learning. The potential of the microcomputer in computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is considered by Chris Dimas, who notes the compatibility of CAI and mastery learning. After Ellen Filurin explains the process of developing a concept for a grant and preparing the grant application, Michael Katims and Beau Jones review mastery learning programs in the Chicago public schools, which use the "Chicago Mastery Learning Reading" (CMLR) materials. Jones also provides a checklist for effective mastery learning and instruction. Finally, the implementation and evaluation of mastery learning programs are discussed by Guskey, who cites the concerns of students and faculty. (KL)