The IEA's International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) investigates the ways in which young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens in a range of countries in the second decade of the 21st century. ICCS 2016 is the second cycle of a study initiated in 2009. This technical report follows the publication of several international and regional reports that presented the results of ICCS 2016. It comprises detailed information on the development of the instruments, including their translation and translation verification, sampling design and implementation, field operations and quality control of data collection, data management, sampling weights and participation rates, and the scaling, analysis and reporting of ICCS 2016 data. The technical report enables researchers to evaluate published reports and articles based on data from this study and, used in conjunction with the ICCS 2016 User Guide for the International Database, will provide guidance for their own analyses. Over the past 50 years, the IEA has conducted comparative research studies in a range of domains focusing on educational policies, practices, and outcomes in many countries around the world. The association conducted its first survey of civic education in 1971. The rich and robust comparative ICCS 2016 database will allow participating education systems to evaluate the strengths of their educational policies, both internationally and within a regional context, and to measure their progress toward achieving critical components of the United Nations' 2030 agenda for sustainable development. [This report was written with contributors Gabriela Agrusti, John Ainley, Christine Busch, Tim Friedman, Eveline Gebhardt, Juliane Kobelt, Hannah Köhler, Gabriela Nausica Noveanu, Duygu Savasci, Sabine Tieck, and Sabine Weber. This report was produced with the Laboratorio di Pedagogia Sperimentale Università degli studi Roma Tre Rome, Italy. For the "ICCS 2016 User Guide for the International Database ," see ED627445. For the "ICCS 2009 Technical Report, see ED544622.]