Over the past ten years the PISA assessment has risen to strategic prominence in the international education policy discourse. Sponsored, organized and administered by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), PISA seems well on its way to being institutionalized as the main engine in the global accountability regime. The goal of this book is to problematize this development and PISA as an institution-building force in global education. It scrutinizes the role of PISA in the emerging regime of global educational governance and questions the presumption that the quality of a nation's school system can be evaluated through a standardized assessment that is insensitive to the world's vast cultural and institutional diversity. The book raises the question of whether PISA's dominance in the global educational discourse runs the risk of engendering an unprecedented process of worldwide educational standardization for the sake of hitching schools more tightly to the bandwagon of economic efficiency, while sacrificing their role to prepare students for independent thinking and civic participation. Chapters in the book: (1) Introduction. PISA and the Globalization of Education Governance: Some Puzzles and Problems (Heinz-Dieter Meyer and Aaron Benavot); (2) Thinking Beyond League Tables: A Review of Key PISA Research Questions (Taya L. Owens); (3) Finland's PISA Results: An Analysis of Dynamics in Education Politics (Janne Varjo, Hannu Simola, and Risto Rinne); (4) The Theory and Practice of Building Pedagogical Skill in Finnish Teacher Education (Tiina Silander and Jouni Välijärvi); (5) What Does PISA Performance Tell Us about Mathematics Teaching Quality? Case Studies from Finland and Flanders (Paul Andrews); (6) Globalization and the Emergence of an Audit Culture: PISA and the Search for 'Best Practices' and Magic Bullets (David H. Kamens); (7) The OECD and Cold War Culture: thinking historically about PISA (Daniel Tröhler); (8) Causes and Consequences of International Assessments in Developing Countries (Marlaine Lockheed); (9) PISA and the Expanding Role of the OECD in Global Educational Governance (Sam Sellar and Bob Lingard); (10) Gauging the Role of Non-educational Effects in Large-scale Assessments: Socio-Economics, Culture and PISA Outcomes (Heinz-Dieter Meyer and Kathryn Schiller); (11) Exploring Reasons for the East Asian Success in PISA (Xin Ma, Cindy Jong and Jing Yuan); (12) Immigrant Children's Academic Performance: The Influence of Origin, Destination and Community (Jaap Dronkers and Manon De Heus); (13) High on PISA, Low on Entrepreneurship? What PISA Does Not Measure (Yong Zhao and Heinz-Dieter Meyer); (14) The International Efficiency of American Education: The Bad and the Not-so-Bad News (Stephen P. Heyneman); and (15) Policy Responses to PISA in Comparative Perspective (Alexander W. Wiseman).