The inaugural report in the National Resource Center's new research series on college transitions examines institutional initiatives designed to support students in the second college year. The authors report on findings from the second administration of the National Survey of Sophomore-Year Initiatives, describing the kinds of programs offered for second-year students, where those programs are housed, who directs them, and how they are assessed. Additional analysis provides insight into the initiatives offered at different institutional types and the structure of longstanding and successful sophomore initiatives. Following a preface and executive summary, the following chapters are presented: (1) The Sophomore-Year Experience: A Review of the Literature; (2) Findings From the 2008 National Survey of Sophomore-Year Initiatives; and (3) Implications for Practice. Two appendices include: (1) Methodology; and (2) Survey Instrument. A list of references and a section about the authors is included.