Amartya Sen defined development as the creation of capabilities or capacities. One of the crucial capacities is basic education. With no access to writing, reading and numeracy, people are unable to fight against poverty and to build their lives in the current global environment. In this perspective, the right to education cannot be conceived only in a subsidiary or ancillary way. The realisation of the right to education is an essential pre-condition for human dignity and for development. But how does one measure this reality? This book presents a methodology for observation and analysis that is informed by an array of indicators designed to measure the four capacities of the educational system: acceptability, adaptability, availability and accessability. This innovative methodology has been developed in a partnership between the Interdisciplinary Institute for Ethics and Human Rights (IIEHR) at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland and the Association for the promotion of non-formal education in Burkina Faso (APENF). The methodology is presented with its first results, which are the outcome of field surveys carried out in Burkina Faso.