This guide is meant to assist mentors and advisors in understanding how they might help students identify and respond to the challenges of becoming scientists or engineers. The guide--intended for faculty members, teachers, administrators, and others who advise and mentor students of science and engineering--attempts to summarize features that are common to successful mentoring relationships. The goal is to encourage mentoring habits that are in the best interests of both parties in the relationship. The chapters define mentoring, explain the different roles the mentor plays with students (faculty advisor, career advisor, skills consultant, role model), makes recommendations for improving the quality of mentoring, and provides resources. Within each chapter, the text contains steps to improve mentoring, examples of poor and good mentoring, the context of mentoring, a sample of nonacademic careers in science and engineering, and chapter summaries. (Contains 50 references.) (ASK)