Since 1941, this book has been a standard textbook in educational measurement. As in the previous editions, the selection and treatment of topics were guided by the knowledge and skills that are necessary for the development of valid evaluation measures and the knowledge and competencies needed to interpret teacher-made and standardized tests. This edition differs from the seventh edition in minor respects. The content has been updated to reflect recent research and assessment trends, such as the use of portfolios in educational evaluations. The following chapters are included: (1) "Measurement: Its Nature and Function"; (2) "Communicating Information: Interpretation of Quantitative Data"; (3) "The Meaning and Application of Norms"; (4) "Test Validity"; (5) "Test Reliability"; (6) "Extraneous Factors that Influence Performance on Cognitive Tests"; (7) "General Principles of Test Construction: Achievement Measures"; (8) "Constructing and Using Essay Tests"; (9) "Constructing Objective Tests"; (10) "Item Analysis for Classroom Tests"; (11) "The Assessment of Affective Variables"; (12) "Grading and Reporting"; (13) "Measuring Scholastic Aptitude"; (14) "Standardized Achievement Tests"; and (15) "Standard Interest, Personality, and Social Measures." Appendices list resources for the development and selection of measuring instruments and major publishers of standardized tests. (Contains 83 figures, 21 tables, and numerous references.) (SLD)