Civil rights laws have not gone far enough to ensure equal employment opportunity for women and minorities. This is because most jobs in the United States are acquired through informal contacts, which are out of the reach of civil rights laws. This book compares race and gender differences in the use of informal jobs contacts among public school…

Although concerned primarily with women in top jobs, the study also extends to women's opportunities in professional and managerial positions. It also focuses on the general pattern of relationships between men and women. Examining the special problem of women's promotion to top jobs, Part 1 studies the discrepancy between women's contribution to…

Women have always been underrepresented in educational administration, and their numbers in administrative roles have declined in recent years. This monograph examines some of the factors determining this underrepresentation. In addition to sources on the national status of women in education, literature on careers in education administration, and…

This book highlights the major problems and stressors of being a woman in business and management and outlines some strategies that women managers can use to eliminate barriers and break through the glass ceiling. Chapter 1 provides an overview of women in management and business in the 1990s. Chapter 2 explores the nature of stress, costs of…

This book presents a comprehensive review of the progress in equal education for females through an introductory discussion and six readings. The introductory discussion examines the theory that the state and consequently, the education system are seen as having the promulgation of the dominant class hegemony as an important part of its function.…

Affirmative action is examined from various points of view. A distinction is made between the basic concepts and legal rationale of affirmative action and the many specific laws, regulations, and practices that have developed under this label. The magnitude of the problem that affirmative action programs were intended to solve is measured in some…

The essays in this collection discuss the position of women in higher education, noting the progress that women have made in recent years in the quest to achieve gender equality and the challenges women still face in study and academic careers. The chapters are: (1) "Expanding the Academic Knowledge Base: Helping Students To Cross Gender's Great…

Based on the realization that the rapid worldwide growth of educational systems over the last two decades has not produced the expected eradication of social inequality, an international seminar was held for educational policy-makers, planners from developing countries, research workers in the area, and representatives of aid agencies from 33…

Chapter 17 of a book on school law is an historical review of judicial decisions and legislative enactments that apply to employment. The purpose of the chapter is to analyze those cases concerned with discrimination because of sex, age, or national origin, and to discuss the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court in these areas. Not until the…

This volume tells the story of women and school leadership in America from the common school era to the present, revealing how teaching became women's work and the school superintendency, men's. It also explores how this gendered division of roles and power has been maintained over the years. The first two chapters survey the creation of…

To plan and conduct an effective diversity effort, organizations need a framework that provides a broad perspective and relevant recommendations for all gender and ethnic groups. This book helps organizations and leaders design and implement practices to develop diversity within the management ranks. Data were based on interviews with 196 managers…

The results of a longitudinal study of women pursuing administrative careers provides a fuller understanding of the motivations of women and assists aspiring women in making informed career choices. The book has five sections. The first covers career stages common to most aspirants, but from a female perspective. In the second section, women…

This practical guide for all working women shows the reader how to recognize the barriers likely to confront her and to find the most effective way of breaking through. Chapter 1 summarizes causes of the glass ceiling and provides pointers on recognizing which situations are likely to cause problems. Chapter 2 helps the reader to understand her…

Essays concerning multiple aspects of integrating the concept of professional equality between the sexes into the field of sport are presented. The abstract idea of sexual equality is examined, and methods for determining the degree of equality present in given working situations are set forth. A discussion of the laws, enforcing agencies, and…

The struggle for sex equity by U.S. academic women in higher education during the early years of the women's movement, based on the experiences of 470 academic women, is addressed in a book suitable for sociology courses. All aspects of the academic employment process are covered, including acquiring degrees, job seeking, promotion, salary,…