On September 22, 2022, the National Academy of Sciences held a symposium entitled Endless Frontier 2022: Research and Higher Education Institutions for the Next 75 Years. The event was a follow up to a February 2020 NAS symposium convened to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the landmark report Science, the Endless Frontier. Building on the 2020…

A reproducibility crisis afflicts a wide range of scientific and social-scientific disciplines, from epidemiology to social psychology. Improper research techniques, lack of accountability, disciplinary and political groupthink, and a scientific culture biased toward producing positive results together have produced a critical state of affairs.…

Research evidence suggests that summer breaks contribute to income-based achievement and opportunity gaps for children and youth. However, summertime can also be used to provide programs that support an array of goals for children and youth, including improved academic achievement, physical health, mental health, social and emotional well-being,…

Provided in this book is a legislative and administrative history of the National Science Foundation (NSF) during its formative years (1945-57). The 15 chapter book is organized into three parts. Part 1 ("The Long Debate, 1945-50") narrates the legislative history of the Foundation's creation. Part 2 ("Beginning, 1950-54")…

Described is the federal government's budgeting process for allocating resources to research and development (R&D). The report includes: an overview of R&D in context of the total budget, a review of R&D budget data, identification of recurring issues and issues concerning the analysis of R&D budgets, an analysis of the FY 1977 budget, and a…

The objectives of physical science teaching and research projects in higher education in Britain are reviewed as a means of stimulating debate. It is noted that in recent years, concern has been expressed over the quality of these efforts, and as resources stabilize or decline allocations must be made more carefully. A statistical profile is given…

This book is based on a series of 12 lectures delivered at The Rockefeller University where scholars addressed themselves to problems of science today. Science, as a general term used in this book, encompasses research, development, and education in both the academic and industrial sense and by both governmental and private agencies. Concern is…

Discussion of National Science Foundation (NSF) funding of precollege science education revolves around the controversy of whether NSF should fund "Man: A Course of Study" (MACOS). NSF had funded MACOS' curriculum development, implementation, and postevaluation during 1963-1975. The controversy began in March 1975 when U.S. Congressman…

This book provides insight into how managers of federally sponsored libraries view their roles and carry out their duties. Seven federally supported libraries were selected to serve as case studies. These libraries represent a cross-section of various types, and the nine chapters are written by librarians from these facilities. The discussion…

Since the end of the Cold War, federal funding for research at American universities has sharply decreased, leaving administrators searching for a new benefactor. At the same time, changes in federal policy permitting universities to patent, license, and profit from their discoveries combined with the emergence of new fields that thinned the lines…

This survey is intended as an aid in assessing the magnitude and character of the nonfederal contribution to health research, in particular the present availability of alternative nonfederal funding sources at doctoral institutions (the prime locus of the nation's biomedical research effort), and to elicit from institutional representatives their…

In this analysis of the source of Australian government decisions on school science programs and libraries, specific issues are reviewed and the developments placed in political focus. The emergence of federal aid is set in the context of long-term developments in Australian federalism. The forces are examined that obliged the government of Prime…

This book interprets the postwar rise of American elite universities to global research leadership, emphasizing the distinctive features of American higher education including: decentralized administration; a large and pluralistic market of public and private institutions; and intense competition for students, faculty, and research funding from…

Leaders from government and the higher education community provide a philosophical but pragmatic discussion of such topics as curriculum, admissions, research funding, and financial support. Compiled from papers presented at the 61st annual meeting of the American Council on Education, this volume offers the viewpoints of 22 institutional…

Offered in response to a request by the National Science Foundation for information on how knowledge affects policy, the document investigates federal support of social research and development and evaluates the relevance of this research to social policy. Social research and development (R & D) concerns the identification and solution of…