Through observation of fifth-grade mathematics and social studies classes, this study reveals that subject matter, a variable often overlooked in recent research, has a profound effect on instructional practice. The study analyzes the interrelations among forms of instruction, levels of student involvement, and subject matter. The analysis…

This book advocates that teachers of history create for their students a workshop environment where they actually can practice being historians. Adolescents, rather than thinking analytically, prefer to identify strongly with heroes and heroines and to explore their own lives and identity, character and convictions, through heroic stories. This…

The study on which this book is based examined the development of social relationships among black and white students in a new, desegregated urban middle school. In the initial phase, information was gathered from classroom observation, interviews, and a wide variety of supplementary sources over a three-year period beginning with summer…

This book describes the Missouri Mathematics Effectiveness Project, a major systematic research program supported by the National Institute for Education. The report is based on a decade of naturalistic and experimental study of mathematics classrooms in intermediate elementary grades and junior high school classrooms. A rationale for the…

Developed as a reference tool for teachers, administrators, researchers, parents, and others interested in middle level education, this annotated bibliography of 1,757 entries focuses on practical aspects of middle level education and on research related to adolescence and middle level practices. Following an introduction and discussion of…