This book, a critique of "The Bell Curve" by R. Herrnstein and C. Murray, explores what "inequality" in society means, how it arises, and how it can be measured or dealt with quantitatively. It also considers how societal and other variables work to increase or decrease inequality. The book argues that "The Bell Curve" vastly overestimates the relative importance of aptitude tests and underestimates the importance of environment in intelligence. (SLD)