The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association is the governing body for high school athletics in the State of Wisconsin. For some time they have been concerned with the growing perception that there is recruitment occurring in varsity basketball within its member schools. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to determine what, if any, connection there is between public school open enrollment students and non-public schools outside the geographic area students and recruitment in varsity boys and girls basketball. This study attempted to quantify the number of student-athletes competing in varsity boys and girls basketball over a 2 year period. It also looked at what, if any factor the size of the school, the location of the school, and the gender of the student-athletes or whether the student was at a public or non-public high school played in this issue. A survey methodology was used and interviews were also used to gain more detailed information. The results of the study clearly show that this is more of an issue of urban versus rural schools than of public versus non-public schools. The study found that small rural schools and small urban schools have different population bases to draw from and this puts the small rural schools at a disadvantage. The perception of recruiting which this study found to be quite prevalent was strongest in the sub set of small rural schools. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]