The background of the Kanawha County, language arts textbook controversy is described, and several factors are examined as possible precipitating elements in the controversy. The major actions, reactions, and occurrences in Kanawha County from April 1974 to April 1975 are reported, and various sources are used to document positions taken by individuals, groups, and organizations. Organized chronologically, the study traces the evolution of the textbook protest and continues through the abatement of most protest activities. Five factors, mostly outside the control of the educational establishment, are found to have contributed to and sustained the conflict. These factors include the state law regarding the seating of school board members, the role of organized labor, the lack of adequate law enforcement, the intervention of outside groups, and the role of the media. Implications for public schools in other areas of the country are discussed. (Author/AA)