Using data collected in the current population surveys of 1958, 1965, and 1977, this report analyzes the changes that have occurred in the United States in the way women at work provide for the care of their children. Also addressed are issues that both the public and private sectors may encounter in future years; these specifically concern child care services needed by the increasing number of working women with young children. An examination of the child care arrangements used by working women in Sweden and the Federal Republic of Germany (two countries where the demographic conditions and social service systems are quite different from those currently found in the United States) is made in order to provide an idea of how families in other industrialized nations face this issue. Numerous charts and tables of data, illustrating the issues discussed, are included in the report. Definitions, explanations, and descriptions of some aspects of the population survey data are appended, along with a copy of a supplementary questionnaire. (MP)