Enculturation is the degree to which a person adheres to the values and behaviors of an indigenous or ethnic culture. This study was conducted to develop the Enculturation Scale for Filipino Americans (ESFA). Items were generated from a literature review, interviews with 5 Filipino American academic experts, and a survey of 24 cultural informants.…

Analyzes how Filipinos, working under a stratified polyethnic system which treated Whites, Native American Indians, Japanese, and Filipinos differently, were able to establish a permanent agricultural community in the Yakima Valley before World War II. (LHW)

A 1995 study explored how high school students from four ethnic groups who have experienced disciplinary problems explain the causes, consequences, and potential resolutions of conflicts with their teachers. The answer to reducing behavior problems in ethnically diverse classrooms may be culturally responsive discipline undergirded by competence,…

The purpose of this report is to stimulate discussion, promote understanding, develop better awareness, and thereby bring about action to make necessary changes toward racial equality and justice. The public hearing conducted on March 3, 1973 by the Washington State Asian American Advisory Council brought attention to the fact that racism has and…

Underlying this report on Asian Americans in Central Washington State is the concept that Asian Americans do have common problems, experiences and needs. An extension of this concept is that Asians should point out institutional racism when appropriate, and take their place as members of American society in the dual spirit of self-determination…

Written as a curriculum aid for students in the Bainbridge Island, Washington school district, this collection of stories about the Japanese, the Chinese, the Hawaiians, the Filipinos, the Vietnamese, and the American and Canadian Indians is an attempt to explain "what life is like for people who look different". The stories all relate…