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Direct linkJohnson, David Cassels; Johnson, Eric J. – Language Policy, 2015
In this article we proffer a theoretical model for analyzing power in language policy processes and incorporate ethnographic data to illustrate the usefulness of the model. Grounded in an ethnographic project in the US state of Washington, we examine how nominally identical school district-level programs, which are funded under the same…
Descriptors: Ethnography, Language Planning, Models, Educational Research
Download full textMalagon, Helen; McCold, Paul; Hernandez, Julie – Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, 2012
In the 2011-2012 school year, 8.5 percent of Washington's students were English language learners (ELLs). Although this was a slight decrease from the previous year, the number of ELL students in Washington state has increased by 11.0 percent since 2005-06. The Transitional Bilingual Instruction Act of 1979 funds the Transitional Bilingual…
Descriptors: English Language Learners, Bilingual Education, Bilingual Students, English (Second Language)
PDF pending restorationHewlett-Gomez, Michele; Rawson, Anne – 1980
The guide outlines Washington State's programmatic approach to teaching native Spanish-speaking limited-English-proficient students in bilingual education programs. It charts the components of the bilingual instructional models used in the classrooms, and then explains or defines each component. The components include: methods for determining the…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Classroom Techniques, Curriculum Development, Elementary Secondary Education
