This paper focuses on how shifting conceptions of youth underpinned young people's activism in the 1950s and 1960s. This paper specifically examines conceptions of youth as it changed throughout the twentieth century. G. Stanley Hall articulated a distinct notion of "adolescence" in the early twentieth century. But the "Scottsboro…

In this study, I employ geospatial techniques to assess the impact of school attendance zone "gerrymandering" on the racial/ethnic segregation of schools, using a large national sample of 15,290 attendance zones in 663 districts. I estimate the effect of gerrymandering on school diversity and school district segregation by comparing the…

IN THE DECADE SINCE THE SUPREME COURT DECISION OF 1954 SOUTHERN STATES HAVE DEVISED SCHEMES TO PREVENT SCHOOL DESEGREGATION. MOST OF THEM ARE NOW ELIMINATED OR REJECTED AS UNCONSTITUTIONAL BY FEDERAL COURTS. ONE PLAN TO EVADE INTEGRATION WHICH THE COURTS HAVE NOT YET OVERTHROWN IS THE TUITION GRANT OR "FREEDOM OF CHOICE" SCHEME. THIS…

On May 17, 2004, the United States will observe the fiftieth anniversary of the Supreme Court's landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. By invalidating the doctrine of "separate but equal" in the field of public education, a doctrine that had been approved by the same court nearly sixty years earlier in Plessy…