A study examined the advertising of Japan and the United States to determine if commercial messages reflect the cultural values of a particular society, thereby indicating the need for specialized campaigns. It was hypothesized that the majority of Japanese advertisements would use the traditional appeals of group, consensus, soft sell, veneration…

Notes problem areas in Vietnamese-American cross-cultural communication; analyzes Vietnamese communicative style; reviews circumstances of Vietnamese arrival in the west, the effect of tradition on their behavior and their cultural and psychoreligious background. (Journal availbility: National Dissemination and Assessment Center, California State…

Notes Modell's examination of complexities of adoption from the perspectives of birthparents, adoptive parents, and adoptees, using lenses of kinship theory and symbolism, particularly blood as the central symbol of kinship in western cultures. Argues that as an anthropological study, Modell's work does not explicitly draw implications for…

Examines the theoretical and empirical relationship of training and individualism-collectivism to self-efficacy and performance in studies of managers from Hong Kong, China, and the United States. Uses a laboratory experiment and a six-month field experiment to test hypotheses predicting self-focused training as more effective for individualists…

Curricula are cultural artifacts. Comparing uppersecondary curricula across countries reveals fundamental differences. In central European and Scandinavian countries, schools offer an integrated, "pansophic" curriculum model. England has an "alternative" model reflecting its pragmatic philosophic tradition. U.S. high schools…

Studies organizational communication cultures in United States-Thai parent-subsidiary organizations doing business in Thailand and ascertains to what degree employees at the subsidiary locations participated in the creation of their organizational communication cultures. Develops the idea of negotiated cultures to understand the extent to which…

Research on African-American and Latina/o youth has been dominated by studies that focus on "problem" adolescent behavior. Typically, they explain youth crime, delinquency, and violence as individual pathological behavior or cultural adaptations stemming from social disorganization in their communities. This article argues for a more…

Lawmakers have made the closing of racial and ethnic academic achievement gaps an acknowledged priority of the federal No Child Left Behind Act. So far the research has largely explored common factors explaining why Black and Latino students generally lag behind Whites and Asian Americans. Lorretta Chavez, a public school teacher and a doctoral…

A number of studies have found that primary control declines in old age and is lower in Asian countries, while secondary control increases in old age and is higher in Asian countries. We examined whether these patterns may be due to the mediating influence of interdependence. In a sample of 557 young and old adults in Japan and the United States,…

A grounded theory was developed to describe the processes of self-understanding of a group of Chinese women graduate students who were studying in the United States at the time of the research. A basic psychological process, reweaving a fragmented self, was identified from interviews with 20 Chinese women graduate students. Reweaving a fragmented…

Much good work has recently been done on the socioeconomic history of teaching in the United States, particularly in relation to the "feminization" of the profession that occurred over the course of the nineteenth century. This article brings together evidence from disparate local sources in both North Carolina and New York to explore…

Social donation is a means for individuals, government organizations, and non-government organizations (NGOs) to provide public products and services for society. Seeking social donation is vital in the improvement of the university. This paper probes into the relationship between social donation and university development by comparing social…

On the basis of previous research on self-construals, the theory of reasoned action, and persuasive communication, the authors hypothesized that individual, behavioral-focused information would be more effective in increasing help-seeking intention among college students in the United States, whereas relational, normative-focused information would…

One of a series of papers on critical issues in vocational-technical education, this paper discusses the need for a bilingual-vocational education program in America emphasizing that oral and written language is not the only or even most important variable in developing a bilingual-vocational education program and that an understanding of the…

American students perform poorly in mathematics compared to their peers in other countries, especially Japan and China. This article examines underlying causes for these deficiencies, including American complacency (in contrast to Asian diligence) and differing educational practices and expectation levels. Includes four references. (MLH)