Although several fundamental forces are changing the American economy and the American work force, three conditions are pivotal--demographic change, technological change coupled with shifting conditions of competition, and the continuing inadequacies of both public- and private-sector employment and training policies. The employment and training…

This technical report documents the development and initial empirical testing of a practical method for estimating the capacity of Air Force operational units to conduct on-the-job training (OJT). The method is based on a conceptual model of OJT capacity that describes the complex interrelationships among the level and quality of mission…

Hearings before the Committee on Human Resources of the U.S. Senate on the Better Jobs and Income Act (S. 2084) are presented. (The purpose of the Act, the text of which is included in the document, is to replace the existing federal welfare programs with a single, coordinated program to seek to assure jobs, training, and income supplementation…

Government statistics reveal nearly 2.5 million students leave schools yearly without adequate work preparation. Support for career education, as a renewal force, is needed to redirect educational emphasis from academic elitism to open access for occupational preparation. Vocational school graduates choose advanced education almost as often as…

Knowledge about the structure and availability of work, and the ways people prepare for it, are important issues for both career specialists and policymakers. This paper begins with a discussion of the concepts of work, employability, and employment. Work is described as a complex concept that means different things to different people, and…

This article cites six sources which present planning and implementation strategies for major government-sponsored training programs. These federal programs were designed to allocate funds to modernize training facilities and to provide employment skills for the hard-to-employ youth in six European and Asian nations. (SSH)

Military research and development (R&D) in Western countries and the USSR are analyzed in terms of growth; self-perception of R&D personnel; relationships with industry and the state bureaucracy; reproduction schemes which result in war-oriented work; and worker training. Prospects are slim for the conversion of military production to…

A review of vocational education trends in Western Europe and Japan covers the following: curriculum and program structure, alternatives, cooperative education, on-the-job training, enrollments, admission, curriculum content, skills other than strictly occupational, mechanisms for curriculum development, and efficiency of training. (MSE)

Attention is drawn to important themes thought likely to influence the continuing development of group care services for children and young people in the decade ahead. These include a poorly educated workforce, autonomous training, multi-disciplinary approaches, centres of excellence, diversified programs, new trends and issues shaping the future,…

This report is the second to appear in a series of studies carried out by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) during the past 5 years. The first report concerned the integration of handicapped young people into ordinary schools. The present report deals with what happens…

The views of practicing librarians, library directors, and library school teachers are presented in this series of papers on the educational needs of those planning to work in academic and special libraries, particularly scientific and technological research libraries. Included are: (1) "New Trends in Education of Librarians and…

Portland, Oregon, employers approached by Work Incentive Program (WIN) clients were surveyed to determine their reactions to various components of the voucher on-the-job training (OJT) program, to identify the types of employing organizations that were likely to be receptive to vouchered OJT, to assess the actual functioning of the voucher system…

In periods of nonrecessionary activity, United States government policymakers should subsidize retraining as they subsidize job search by way of the unemployment compensation system. The retraining subsidy to a person who is faced with a reduced demand for his services from his current job should be about the same order of magnitude as the…

The 1990s and early 2000s saw the increased development of advanced training, skills standards, and certification exams by private organizations in the United States. Employers began accepting these skill certifications in lieu of traditional on-the-job training, thereby encouraging employees to acquire more credentials. This article examines the…

A distinctive feature of the British approach until the 1960s was that vocational education and training (VET) should be provided by employers. This is conventionally contrasted with the much more formal state coordinated approach of Germany. The question posed is whether the British style was the "spontaneous order" that results because…