As research production has been increasing worldwide, South Korean (Korean) universities also have been increasing their knowledge production and international collaborations. However, the ways in which universities were internationally connected and how those international research collaborations changed knowledge production have not been adequately examined. Therefore, this dissertation examines the international research collaboration networks between Korean universities and U.S. universities, because they are the largest collaborators with Korean universities, and analyzes the effects of these international collaborations on Korean universities' research production. To meet the purpose, I conducted social network analysis and growth curve analysis on approximately 1,000 institutions in total in the Science Citation Index Expanded Journals. The social network analysis result showed that the collaboration networks between Korean and U.S. universities expanded from 1980 to 2011. The number of non-research universities skyrocketed. However, the central actors of the networks were prestigious research institutions. Next, the growth curve model showed that human resources, such as the number of graduate students and faculty members, had a positive association with the growth of research production of Korean universities. International collaboration and the government policies, on the other hand, did not accelerate research production of Korean universities. Furthermore, traditionally non-research universities participated in research production and international collaborations as much as research universities did. Instead, this result emphasizes that human resources are more crucial to enhancing research capacity than international collaborations and policies. Therefore, this dissertation suggests policymakers to focus on expanding education at graduate school level and supporting graduate students and faculty members to enhance research capability of universities. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]