Women have been involved within the public sphere of the workforce for thousands of years. Within the United States during the 18 th and 19th Centuries, it was often with socially mandated stipulations. Once a woman was married, she usually withdrew to tend to the home front. If she became widowed, it was deemed tolerable for her to once again…

Furstenberg et al. (1995) suggested that one unanticipated consequence of current high levels of divorce might be a "matrilineal tilt" in intergenerational wealth flows. This research uses six waves of the Health and Retirement Survey (1992 to 2002) to investigate this possibility with respect to financial transfers from parents to their…

The literature on higher education in the United States has maintained a place for the specific topic of discrimination against women in the American academy. Institutional restrictions, invisible ceilings, hidden hierarchies--all of these have entered into the discussion surrounding both the failure of women to progress through the academic ranks…

Selected facts and research related to employment of women. (ABM)

The article focuses on findings that were replicated across several countries and considers their relevance for future older adults. Key findings are that (a) childlessness makes more of a difference in men's than in women's lives, (b) never-married women are a childless category with particularly favorable characteristics, and (c) childless…

An increased interest in the position of women, stimulated by increasing numbers of women in the labor force as well as the women's movement, has resulted in a reexamination of women's status under social security programs in many countries. Five case studies (Belgium, Federal Republic of Germany, France, Great Britain, and United States), which…

Describes the growth of the female civilian labor force in the Nation from 1950 to 1975 and analyzes the upward shift in the civilian labor force participation rate from a flow perspective to determine the role of various factors that have produced the rise in the civilian labor force participation rate of women. (SH)

Updates a 1976 article explaining the stability of hours of work per week in the U.S. since World War II. It introduces a revised series of the ratio of female to male wages over time. In a reply to this article, Kniesner presents estimates which support his 1976 conclusions. (CT)

This study describes the attitudes of Japanese housewives toward women's employment, and compares them with those of American housewives. A questionnaire was designed to assess beliefs and attitudes related to women's roles in work and family life. It was translated into Japanese for purposes of comparison. Questionnaires were administered to over…

Empirical studies of Japanese work ethics have tended to focus on male workers while neglecting women. In addition, work values in both Japan and the United States appear to be changing. More information is needed on the work values of American and Japanese female workers. A study was conducted to explore the work ethics of Japanese women and to…

Data collected from 1967 to 1972 during the National Longitudinal Surveys was used to examine the labor force behavior of the mature women's cohort (women who were thirty to forty-four years old in 1967) as well as their attitudes toward work and home. The findings include the following: while white women increased their labor force participation…

Data collected during the National Longitudinal Surveys were used to examine the labor force behavior of black and white women from fourteen to twenty-four and thirty to forty-four years of age. Focus is on racial convergence in labor force participation rates (the percentage of the population group either working or looking for work) over this…

This report presents a brief overview of the changing labor market conditions for women and the steps taken to keep the Bureau of Labor Statistics data relevant to the social and economic setting in which these changes took place. Data tables and discussion are included on the following topics: working women in the 1970s; women workers and their…

An overview is presented of the many developments affecting occupational choices and training needs in the 1980's. The study seeks to develop an understanding of the growth rate through 1985 of 123 selected occupations in nonprofessional fields, examines important characteristics of these occupations such as earnings level, educational attainment,…

Both management and women workers are asking for a reexamination of traditional training and development practices. The existing training model that has worked so well for developing men into managers and leaders should be expanded to include women--an androgynous approach to training--with similarities, rather than differences in abilities…