The purpose of this study was to describe d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing (d/DHH) students' and an instructor's perceptions of "teaching presence" and "social presence" in online learning environment. A focus on education of underrepresented populations coupled with d/DHH student preference to take online courses creates a need for…

Since the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) in 2001, public school systems have been engaged in a system of educational reform fueled by a level of accountability that includes not only the performance of the students, but also the performance of the teachers and the administrators. Recent studies have found that student achievement…