As the authors, a Midwestern American educational administration professor and a Middle Eastern Iraqi doctoral candidate, have continued to interact over the past 3 years, both have come to appreciate the importance of increasing their tolerance for ambiguity--ambiguities in examining cultural, linguistic, and religious customs and complexities in…

According to Cookson (1989), international education is "the systematic study of the process whereby men and women (in individual, groups, or institutional settings) participate in or implement organized learning activities that have been designed to increase their knowledge, skill, or sensitiveness, and that take place across international…