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Brookhart, Susan M. – Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 2013
Studies of the use of teacher judgement for summative assessment in the USA are considered in two general categories. (1) Studies of teacher classroom summative assessment, that is, teacher grading practices, have historically and currently emphasised the lack of validity and reliability of these judgements. (2) Studies of how teacher judgement…
Descriptors: Summative Evaluation, Grading, Student Evaluation, Evaluation Methods
Scott, George A. – US Government Accountability Office, 2012
The School Improvement Grant (SIG) program funds reforms in low performing schools. Congress provided $3.5 billion for SIG in fiscal year 2009, and a total of about $1.6 billion was appropriated in fiscal years 2010-2012. SIG requirements changed significantly in 2010. Many schools receiving SIG funds must now use the funding for specific…
Descriptors: Federal Aid, Grants, Federal Programs, Program Implementation
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Lawrence, Barbara Kent – Journal of Education, 2004
Relying on standardized tests to measure performance and determine accountability obscures the fact that only reciprocal rights and responsibilities can create authentic accountability. A student has the right to expect a teacher will begin on time with a well-prepared lesson, the necessary materials, and the skill to conduct a class. A teacher,…
Descriptors: Standardized Tests, Accountability, Interpersonal Relationship, Teacher Student Relationship