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Teacher Immediacy Scales: Testing for Validity across Cultures
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Zhang, Qin; Oetzel, John G.; Gao, Xiaofang; Wilcox, Richard G.; Takai, Jiro – Communication Education, 2007
Cross-cultural validity of teacher immediacy scales is a constant concern in instructional communication research. The present study examines the validity of two existing teacher immediacy scales: the Revised Nonverbal Immediacy Measure (RNIM) and the Chinese Teacher Immediacy Scale (CTIS) in U.S., Chinese, German, and Japanese cultures. Results…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Validity, Factor Analysis, Communication Research
Policing Democracy: Communication Freedom in the Age of Internet.
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Brants, Kees – Electronic Journal of Communication/La Revue Electronique de Communication, 1996
Looks at some recent regulations in Germany and the United States which have limited information exchange over computer networks. Details the real political application via the Internet of a specific example in the Netherlands. (RS)
Descriptors: Communication Research, Content Analysis, Democracy, Foreign Countries
Face and Facework in Conflict: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of China, Germany, Japan, and the United States.
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Oetzel, John; Ting-Toomey, Stella; Masumoto, Tomoko; Yokochi, Yumiko; Pan, Xiaohui; Takai, Jiro; Wilcox, Richard – Communication Monographs, 2001
Investigates face and facework during conflicts among undergraduate students across four national cultures: China, Germany, Japan, and the United States. Presents major findings concerning self-construals; power distance; individualistic, small-power distance cultures; large-power distance cultures; and relational closeness and status. Discusses…
Descriptors: Communication Research, Conflict, Cross Cultural Studies, Facial Expressions