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Download full textLonigan, Christopher J.; Shanahan, Timothy – National Institute for Literacy, 2009
The National Assessment of Educational Progress reveals that 37 percent of U.S. fourth graders fail to achieve basic levels of reading achievement. In 1997, the U.S. Congress asked that a review of research be conducted to determine what could be done to improve reading and writing achievement. The resulting "Report of the National Reading…
Descriptors: Writing Achievement, Reading Achievement, Academic Achievement, National Competency Tests
Peer reviewed
Direct linkKainz, Kirsten; Vernon-Feagans, Lynne – Elementary School Journal, 2007
In this study we investigated reading development from kindergarten to third grade for 1,913 economically disadvantaged children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort. Characteristics of the child, the family, classroom instruction, and school composition were used to model influences from multiple levels of children's…
Descriptors: Economically Disadvantaged, Early Reading, Family Characteristics, Ecology
