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Luck, Camilla C.; Lipp, Ottmar V. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
In evaluative conditioning, if one shape (conditional stimulus [CS]; CSp) is paired with pleasant unconditional stimulus (US) images and another (CSu) is paired with unpleasant US images differential CS valence and US expectancy develops, such that participants evaluate the CSp as more pleasant and more predictive of pleasant images than the CSu.…
Descriptors: Learning, Conditioning, Learning Processes, Evaluative Thinking
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Li, Pearl Han; Harris, Paul L.; Koenig, Melissa A. – Developmental Psychology, 2019
What does it take know a moral truth or principle? Although testimony is an undisputed source of empirical knowledge of contingent facts, it is less clear whether it is possible to acquire "second-hand moral knowledge" (Jones, 1999; Wolff, 1998). In the present studies, 3- to 5-year-old Chinese (N = 124) and U.S. American (N = 90)…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Comparative Education, Cultural Differences, Decision Making