Traditionally, education has been largely delivered in an in-person format; however, an increasing number of courses are being delivered entirely online or with a blend of online and in-person components. These formats differ along various dimensions, such as the quantity and quality of interpersonal interactions and connections, which will likely…

This study analyzed how the earliest teaching and learning of probability was organized in Singapore, the US, and Indonesia through an analysis of textbook as an intended mathematics curriculum. An analytical framework was developed comprising four perspectives: representational forms, cognitive demand levels, contextual features, and organization…

This paper provides an introductory discussion of the value and theoretical structure of a higher doctorate in American academia. The theory is that such a structure would help to guide academic careers and provide a credentialing system that is absent in most accrediting processes and disappearing with the decline of tenure. The goal is to ignite…