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Luck, Camilla C.; Lipp, Ottmar V. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
In evaluative conditioning, if one shape (conditional stimulus [CS]; CSp) is paired with pleasant unconditional stimulus (US) images and another (CSu) is paired with unpleasant US images differential CS valence and US expectancy develops, such that participants evaluate the CSp as more pleasant and more predictive of pleasant images than the CSu.…
Descriptors: Learning, Conditioning, Learning Processes, Evaluative Thinking
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Li, Pearl Han; Harris, Paul L.; Koenig, Melissa A. – Developmental Psychology, 2019
What does it take know a moral truth or principle? Although testimony is an undisputed source of empirical knowledge of contingent facts, it is less clear whether it is possible to acquire "second-hand moral knowledge" (Jones, 1999; Wolff, 1998). In the present studies, 3- to 5-year-old Chinese (N = 124) and U.S. American (N = 90)…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Comparative Education, Cultural Differences, Decision Making
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Smetana, Judith G.; Wong, Mun; Ball, Courtney; Yau, Jenny – Child Development, 2014
A total of 267 five-, seven-, and ten-year-olds (M = 7.62), 147 in Hong Kong and 120 in the United States, evaluated hypothetical personal (and moral) events described as either essential or peripheral to actors' identity. Except for young Chinese in the peripheral condition, straightforward personal events were overwhelmingly evaluated as…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Children, Self Concept, Compliance (Psychology)
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Heyman, Gail D.; Fu, Genyue; Lee, Kang – Child Development, 2007
The way in which children evaluate people's claims about their own psychological characteristics was examined. Among children ages 6-11 from the United States and China (total N = 243), there was an age-related increase in skepticism about self-report concerning the highly value-laden characteristics "honest", "smart", and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Children, Psychological Characteristics, Self Disclosure (Individuals)
Callahan, Brendan E. – ProQuest LLC, 2009
There is a distinct divide between theory and practice in American science education. Research indicates that a constructivist philosophy, in which students construct their own knowledge, is conductive to learning, while in many cases teachers continue to present science in a more traditional manner. This study sought to explore possible…
Descriptors: Theory Practice Relationship, Science Education, Constructivism (Learning), Conflict
International Association for Development of the Information Society, 2012
The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference intention was to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There had been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Persistence, Academic Support Services, Access to Computers