The lack of a strategic framework for post-16 education provision, combined with a confusing regulatory regime, is resulting in an incoherent and difficult to navigate offer for learners of all ages, as well as employers. In this HEPI report, Professor David Phoenix emphasises that to meet England's ever more pressing skills needs and realise the country's potential, we need to support the development of a range of appropriately funded specialist educational institutions. He argues this will require a joined up post-16 education system with roles for sixth forms, colleges and universities clearly defined in a national framework, to encourage the creation of clear local learning pathways that support both employer and learner skills needs and help to tackle inequality and stagnant productivity.